The CheckMate 040 study is a phase 1/2 clinical trial investigating the safety and efficacy of nivolumab, with or without ipilimumab, in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have previously been treated with sorafenib. Nivolumab is a programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor, while ipilimumab blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4). Both drugs are types of immunotherapy that help the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. The 30.7-month median follow-up results you mentioned showed promising activity and durable responses, indicating that the combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab might be an effective treatment option for patients with HCC previously treated with sorafenib. Five-year survival data from clinical trials like CheckMate 040 are particularly important because they provide insights into the long-term effectiveness and safety. In cancer research, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) at such time points are considered critical endpoints to determine the durability of response and potential for long-term remission or cure. Looking forward to updates on the CheckMate 040 study in the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Pic by feepik https://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-7534(24)00082-6/fulltext?rss=yes